Management Information System

BENEFITS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Information Technology is the combination of two terms i.e. Computing and Communication. Computing is the process of producing, making, recording, designing and sketching any document, file, audio, video and combination of these using computing devices. Communication is the process of sending, transmitting, sharing the files over the internet for general information and usage. Communication should be in a secure and reliable way for the smooth conduct of data transfer.

CBT(Computer Based Training)

Computer Based Interactive learning between user and computer program that enhances the learning process and provides feedback promptly to the user is called CBT. CBT is very helpful for training large number of people.

CAL (Computer Aided Learning)

Computer applications that are used for teaching and educating people, used to prepare lectures and presentations. These applications are very much helpful in reducing administrative load of the persons connected with teaching.

CAD (Computer Aided Design)

CAD is special purpose software that is used to design different products. Building architectures, complex design models of machineries, designing of aircrafts, cars. CAD produces designs in digital form so that design is used in CAM to manufacture several products and can be modified easily.

CAM (Computer Aided Manufacturing)

CAM stands for computer aided manufacturing. It is used to control automated manufacturing process. CAM is used to control production machinery. The design made by CAD system is used in CAM system. The benefits of CAM system are:-

1.                  Production can be made very accurately and consistently.

2.                  Around the clock production is very cheap.

3.                  Product design can be modified easily.

MIS system and MIS sub-system

Management Information System is a set of components, procedures which are integrated and processed in such a form that data and information be recorded, retrieved, updated and manipulated according to the requirements of the organization.  Different resources such as hardware essentials, software packages, data and information, users of the system and people who are initiating the system, communications set up is combined together to perform different tasks of organization.

Input is given by the users, procedures(set of steps are performed) are applied to process data and transform it in such a form which is useful, capable of making decision in future depending on that information, storage of data and information for later use in future.

All the resources are managed according to the predefined set of rules and regulations to perform the functional capabilities of the organization.  Following are the sub-system of an integrated Management Information System.

1.      Transaction Processing System(TPS)

It includes accounting, payroll, inventory, banking transactions, sales and purchase information on daily basis.

2.      Management Reporting System (MRS)

The facts are shown by these reporting systems for making decision in future. Different preplanned and well-structured reports are prepared by the system for top Management.

3.      Decision Support system(DSS)

It provides a set of easy to use modeling, retrieving and reporting capabilities so that the user of the system and people may easily generate reports.

4.      Office Information System

It simply provides the facility to the users of the organizations to easily manage their daily tasks, which are require to be performed with computing systems like preparing spread sheets, noting drafting and some slide presentations. These systems may be used to store information and this information may be used as input into other office automations systems. 

Different goals of Information System

Information is considered to be more useful and concise in such a way that it may be used for making decision in any organization. Information explored its potential value to an organization and enumerated the components of any Management Information System. It is been used for various purposes for obtaining structured form of data.  Following goals are achieved from Information Systems.

Operational Efficiency

Operational efficiency refers to doing routine tasks better, faster, cheaper with accuracy. Transaction processing systems are used to serve these functions. Inventory control personnel use the computer to help cut the cost of carrying inventory.

Functional Effectiveness

Transaction Processing Systems are used predominantly for satisfying objectives, where as a Decision Support System is used in connection with functional effectiveness towards helping managers for making better decisions or helping sales people which are close to the clients and customers.

Product creation and improvement

In some industries, notably banking, insurance, financial services and travel information is often a major force in creating the product being sold. It is typically the effective use of information that distinguished a good investment portfolio or that separates a well-designed travel itinerary from one with long airport lay overs.

Altering the basis of competition

By creating new products through information technology, some businesses may also change the very basis of information with their industries.  For instance a major distributor of magazines to newsstands and stores used its records of weekly shipments and return from each of its customers to alter the current basis of competition within industry.

Components of Computer based Information System

        Information Technology is the technology which is combination of two terms, computing and communication, computing means that the information is produced by using computer systems and communication means that the information the communicated by using fastest communication channels from one computer or computer network to another network.

Computer based information system (CBIS) in an information system in which the computer and other essentials perform an important task for producing, retrieval, searching, availability and prompt responses to the users of the system. CBIS consist of various resources which are as follows:-

1.      Hardware

2.      Software

3.      Data and Information

4.      Procedures

5.      People

TECHNICAL OPERATION OF CBIS

The technical operation of CBIS consists of four parts which are input, processing, out put and storage. Input devices are used to input data and instruction into computer and these inputs are proceed by the computer based record keeping system after applying different set of procedures to produce required information. This information is the main objective and also considered as target, report, result, output. Output devices are used for displaying output as required. Data and information is stored permanently on different storage media like hard disk, magnetic storage devices for backing data to avoid of any loss if original file is corrupted or deleted. Different software packages are used for authentication of rights and privileges.